A PBX (Private Branch Exchange) is a switch station for telephone systems. It consists mainly of several branches of telephone systems and it switches connections to and from them, thereby linking phone lines.
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Companies use a PBX for connecting all their internal phones to an external line. This way, they can lease only one line and have many people using it, with each one having a phone at the desk with a different number. The number is not in the same format as a phone number, though, as it depends on the internal numbering. Inside a PBX, you only need to dial three-digit or four-digit numbers to make a call to another phone in the network. We often refer to this number as an extension. A person calling from the outside might ask for an extension to be directed to the person she is targeting.
Main Technical Roles of a PBX
- To switch between telephone users thereby creating connections
- To make sure the connection remains in place properly by keeping its resources
- To properly end the connection when a user hangs up
- To record the quantities, statistics, and metering related to the calls
- Practical Functions of a PBX
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Provide one single number that external callers can use to access all persons in a company.
Distribute calls to employees in an answering team in an even way; using the Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) feature.
Automate call answering, but offering a menu of options from which a user can select to be directed to a specific extension or department.
Allow the use of customized business greetings while answering calls.
Provide system call management features.
Place external callers on hold while waiting for a requested person to answer, and playing music or customized commercial messages for the caller waiting.
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Record voice messages for any extension from an external caller.
Transfer calls between internal extensions.
IP-PBX
PBXs are not only for VoIP but have been around for landline telephone systems as well. A PBX that is specifically made for VoIP is called an IP PBX, which stands for Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange).
Up to now, PBXs have been a business luxury that only huge companies could afford. Now, with IP-PBXs, medium-sized and even some small companies can also benefit from the features and functionalities of a PBX while using VoIP. True they have to invest some money into hardware and software, but the return and benefits are considerable in the long term, both operationally and financially.
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The main benefits that an IP-PBX brings around are scalability, manageability, and enhanced features.
Adding, moving and removing users to and from a telephone system can be very costly, but with an IP-PBX it is as cost-effective as it is easy. Moreover, an IP phone (which represents terminals in a PBX phone network) may not necessary to attached to one specific user. Users can transparently log in the system through any phone in the network; without however losing their personal profiles and configurations.
IP-PBXs are more software based than their predecessors and so maintenance and upgrade costs are considerably reduced. The work is easier as well.
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PBX Software
An IP-PBX needs a software to control its mechanism. The most popular PBX software is Asterisk (www.asterisk.org), which is a good open-source software.
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